Betaine

Betaine

CAT N°: 26814
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Betaine is a quaternary ammonium compound with diverse biological activities.{47329,47330,47331} It has been found in spinach and can be acquired through the diet or formed via oxidation of betaine aldehyde (Item No. 17270) during choline metabolism in the liver and kidney.{47329,47332} Betaine has roles in osmoregulation and serves as a methyl donor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine.{47329} Betaine (1.5% w/v in drinking water) reduces serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, increases serum HDL levels, decreases serum LDL levels, and reduces hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient diet.{47330} It also reduces plasma levels of total homocysteine (tHcy), S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy; Item No. 13603), and cystathionine, and attenuates hypercoagulation in a mouse model of homocystinuria.{47331} Formulations containing betaine have been used in the treatment of homocystinuria.

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